Chapter 9
Chapter 9 focuses on Rajasthan’s wide range of social services and welfare programs aimed at improving the living standards of marginalized and vulnerable sections of society. The state has undertaken several initiatives across key areas such as water supply, child welfare, food security, women empowerment, and the upliftment of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). These programs are designed to promote social justice, inclusive growth, and economic empowerment.
The chapter outlines the various initiatives implemented by the state government, such as the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), the PM Poshan Scheme, pension schemes for the elderly and disabled, and targeted support programs for women and minorities. The focus is on ensuring that essential services, financial support, and development opportunities are available to all sections of society, particularly those in rural and underserved areas.
By addressing the needs of the most disadvantaged populations, these programs play a critical role in reducing poverty, improving access to basic services, and fostering social equity in Rajasthan.
- Water Supply Initiatives
1.1 Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
- The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) aims to provide Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) to every rural household by 2024. As of March 2024, 50.99 lakh households have been provided with tap water connections【109†source】.
- The total estimated expenditure for water supply projects under JJM is ₹93,427 crore, benefiting 92 lakh rural familie.
- 11,159 Single Village Schemes and 139 Major Water Supply Projects have been sanctioned, ensuring the supply of potable water.
- Objective Insight: The state’s focus on water supply through JJM highlights a crucial step toward addressing water scarcity in rural areas. This initiative is particularly important in Rajasthan, where groundwater depletion is a pressing issue due to overexploitation and geographical challenges.
1.2 Tube Wells, Hand Pumps, and Transportation of Water
- In 2023-24, 2,498 tube wells and 6,746 hand pumps were installed in rural areas to meet drinking water needs.
- A total of 2,26,450 hand pumps were repaired, ensuring uninterrupted water supply.
- Water transportation services were provided to 9,422 villages during the summer of 2023-24, addressing shortages in areas not covered by regular water supply schemes.
- Objective Insight: The installation and repair of hand pumps and tube wells are essential measures to mitigate water scarcity in rural Rajasthan. The transportation of drinking water during peak summer months reflects the state’s proactive approach to addressing seasonal water shortages.
- Child Welfare and Nutrition Programs
2.1 PM Poshan Scheme (Mid-Day Meal Scheme)
- The PM Poshan Scheme, formerly known as the Mid-Day Meal Scheme, aims to improve the nutritional status of children in classes pre-primary to 8th by providing nutritionally balanced meals.
- The scheme covered 62.64 lakh students in 68,371 government schools, providing meals with 450-700 calories and 12-20 grams of protein, depending on the student’s class.
- A budget of ₹1,159.01 crore was utilized in 2023-24 for the Mid-Day Meal Scheme.
- Mukhyamantri Bal Gopal Yojana: Skimmed milk powder is provided for preparing milk in schools, benefiting lakhs of students. The state spent ₹700 crore on this scheme in 2023-24.
- Objective Insight: The PM Poshan and Mukhyamantri Bal Gopal Yojana are essential for tackling child malnutrition and encouraging school attendance, specially in low-income families. These programs contribute to both educational engagement and health improvement for young children.
- Social Security and Pension Schemes
3.1 Indira Gandhi National Pension Schemes
- Old Age Pension: Benefited 8,05,348 beneficiaries, providing ₹1,000 per month for individuals over 60 years.
- Widow Pension Scheme: Benefited 3,84,804 widows with pensions ranging from ₹1,000 to ₹1,500 per month, depending on their age.
- Disabled Pension Scheme: Benefited 20,444 disabled individuals, providing a monthly pension of ₹1,000 to ₹1,250.
- Objective Insight: These pension schemes provide a safety net for vulnerable populations, including the elderly, widows, and disabled persons. By ensuring regular financial support, the state helps alleviate economic insecurity among these groups.
- Women Empowerment and Development Programs
4.1 Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojana
- Provides ₹31,000 to girls from BPL families upon marriage and additional incentives for educational achievements (matriculation and graduation). In 2023-24, 16,917 girls benefited from this scheme with a total expenditure of ₹6,410.28 lakh.
4.2 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)
- The BBBP scheme aims to address the declining child sex ratio and promote the education and protection of the girl child. In 2023-24, ₹5.06 crore was spent on awareness activities.
4.3 Mukhyamantri Rajshree Yojana
- The Rajshree Yojana provides ₹50,000 in six installments for girls born on or after June 1, 2016. The scheme aims to improve the health and education status of girls and promote gender equality.
Objective Insight: Women empowerment schemes like Kanyadan Yojana and Rajshree Yojana are crucial in addressing gender inequality and promoting the education and social status of women. These programs encourage families to invest in the well-being of their daughters and fight cultural biases.
- Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) Upliftment
5.1 Post-Matric Scholarships
- Post-Matric Scholarships for SC/ST/OBC/EBC/MBC students helped 3,70,068 students with a total expenditure of ₹19,881.25 lakh.
5.2 Palanhar Yojana
- Palanhar Yojana provides financial assistance to caregivers of orphaned children or those from disadvantaged families. In 2023-24, 5,76,396 beneficiaries were supported with an expenditure of ₹94,945.95 lakh.
Objective Insight: Programs like Post-Matric Scholarships and Palanhar Yojana offer critical financial support to marginalized communities, enabling them to access education and basic care. These initiatives help break the cycle of poverty and contribute to social mobility.
- Food Security Initiatives
6.1 Public Distribution System (PDS)
- Under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), Rajasthan distributed food grains to 4.36 crore beneficiaries through fair price shops. Aadhar-seeding ensures transparency and reduces leakage.
6.2 One Nation One Ration Card Scheme
- The One Nation One Ration Card Scheme allows beneficiaries to access ration entitlements across states. As of 2023-24, 4.21 crore beneficiaries were linked through Aadhar.
Objective Insight: The state’s food security programs ensure affordable access to essential commodities for millions of people, safeguarding them against food insecurity. The digital integration of PDS enhances transparency and accountability, making these programs more efficient.
- Minorities and Specially Abled Persons Welfare
7.1 Minority Affairs
- Post-Matric Scholarships and Merit Cum Means Scholarships were provided to minorities. In 2023-24, ₹598.11 lakh was allocated for minority education.
7.2 Specially Abled Persons
- Programs such as the Mukhya Mantri Vishesh Yogyajan Samman Pension Yojana benefited 6,26,435 persons with an expenditure of ₹78,309.27 lakh.
- The Sukhad Dampatya Yojana provides ₹50,000 to newly married specially abled persons, with ₹1,71 lakh spent benefiting 180 persons
Objective Insight: Programs for minorities and specially abled persons aim to reduce socio-economic disparities by providing targeted financial support and services. These initiatives contribute to the empowerment and social inclusion of marginalized groups.
- Analytical Data: Major Progress in Water Supply Projects
- The state has undertaken 120 major drinking water projects to provide potable water to 107 towns, 16,680 villages, and 12,685 dhanies (hamlets).
- 98 projects were completed by March 2024, benefiting 14,294 villages.
Conclusion
Chapter 9 provides an extensive overview of the Government of Rajasthan’s efforts to improve the welfare and quality of life for vulnerable and marginalized communities. The state’s social services and welfare programs are aimed at addressing critical issues like water scarcity, child malnutrition, economic insecurity, gender inequality, and social disparities. These programs reflect the government’s commitment to inclusive growth and social justice, ensuring that the benefits of development reach every citizen. Below is an elaborate conclusion highlighting the key takeaways and insights from the chapter.
1. Significant Investments in Water Supply Projects
- The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) has made substantial progress in providing Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) to rural households, covering over 50.99 lakh households by March 2024.
- The state has invested heavily in water infrastructure, including the installation of tube wells, hand pumps, and the transportation of water to areas facing shortages during peak seasons.
- Key Insight: Rajasthan’s water supply initiatives, particularly under the JJM, address a critical need in a state where water scarcity is a pressing issue. By expanding water infrastructure and improving access to potable water, the state is ensuring long-term water security for rural populations.
2. Nutritional and Educational Support for Children
- Programs like the PM Poshan Scheme and Mukhyamantri Bal Gopal Yojana aim to combat child malnutrition by providing nutritionally balanced meals and milk to school children. In 2023-24, 62.64 lakh students were covered under the Mid-Day Meal Scheme, ensuring they receive adequate nutrition at school.
- These programs have a dual benefit: improving child health while also encouraging school attendance, particularly in low-income and rural communities.
- Key Insight: The state’s focus on child nutrition through the PM Poshan Scheme plays a critical role in addressing malnutrition and encouraging educational participation. These programs are essential for improving both health and academic outcomes among children from disadvantaged backgrounds.
3. Social Security and Economic Safety Nets
- Rajasthan has implemented comprehensive pension schemes for vulnerable groups, including the elderly, widows, and the disabled. These programs provide much-needed financial support to over 12 lakh beneficiaries, with regular pensions ranging from ₹1,000 to ₹1,500 per month.
- These pensions serve as an economic safety net, helping to reduce the financial vulnerability of some of the most disadvantaged members of society.
- Key Insight: The state’s pension schemes provide critical social security to the elderly, widows, and disabled persons, helping them maintain financial independence and dignity. By providing regular financial assistance, the government helps these individuals navigate economic insecurity.
4. Empowering Women and Promoting Gender Equality
- Programs like the Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojana, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, and the Mukhyamantri Rajshree Yojana aim to uplift women, particularly from BPL families, by providing financial support for marriages, education, and healthcare. In 2023-24, ₹6,410.28 lakh was spent on the Kanyadan Yojana, benefiting over 16,917 girls.
- These programs are designed to promote gender equality, reduce societal pressures like child marriage, and encourage the education and empowerment of girls.
- Key Insight: By targeting gender inequality and focusing on the education and social well-being of women, these programs address long-standing socio-cultural barriers. Ensuring that women are empowered through financial support and educational opportunities is essential for fostering gender parity and economic inclusion.
5. Supporting SCs, STs, and Minority Communities
- Rajasthan’s Post-Matric Scholarships and the Palanhar Yojana are pivotal in promoting the education and welfare of Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and other marginalized communities. In 2023-24, 3,70,068 students benefited from the scholarship programs, and over 5.76 lakh children were supported under the Palanhar Yojana, with an expenditure of ₹94,945.95 lakh.
- Key Insight: Programs targeting SCs, STs, and minority groups play a vital role in ensuring educational access and financial support for these communities. By reducing economic and social barriers, the state helps promote social mobility and upliftment for historically disadvantaged populations.
6. Food Security Initiatives
- Rajasthan’s Public Distribution System (PDS) has successfully distributed essential food grains to 4.36 crore beneficiaries under the National Food Security Act (NFSA). The One Nation One Ration Card Scheme has further streamlined food distribution by allowing beneficiaries to access rations across states.
- Key Insight: Food security programs are crucial in a state like Rajasthan, where many residents depend on subsidized food for their daily needs. By ensuring efficient and transparent food distribution, the government safeguards against food insecurity and hunger, particularly among low-income households.
7. Welfare of Minorities and Specially Abled Persons
- The government has provided post-matric scholarships to minority students and financial assistance through the Mukhya Mantri Vishesh Yogyajan Samman Pension Yojana for specially abled persons. These initiatives have helped 6.26 lakh persons with disabilities receive financial aid.
- Key Insight: Efforts to support minority communities and specially abled individuals are critical to fostering social inclusion. Financial support, combined with educational opportunities, is necessary to improve the economic and social status of these vulnerable groups.
Final Thoughts
- Water Security: The Jal Jeevan Mission is critical for addressing water scarcity in rural areas, with significant progress in expanding tap water connections.
- Child Welfare: Programs like PM Poshan and Mukhyamantri Bal Gopal Yojana improve child nutrition and boost school attendance, specially for disadvantaged children.
- Social Security: Pension schemes for the elderly, widows, and the disabled provide an essential economic safety net, helping reduce financial vulnerability.
- Women Empowerment: Initiatives like Kanyadan Yojana and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao promote gender equality, focusing on girls’ education and financial support for women.
- SC/ST and Minority Upliftment: Programs like Post-Matric Scholarships and Palanhar Yojana are vital for educational access and financial assistance to marginalized communities.
- Food Security: The Public Distribution System and One Nation One Ration Card Scheme ensure affordable food access, reducing food insecurity among low-income families.
- Specially Abled Support: Programs for specially abled persons provide financial aid and promote social inclusion through targeted assistance.
Chapter 9 showcases the Rajasthan Government’s extensive social welfare programs targeting various vulnerable populations. The chapter highlights significant investments in water supply, child welfare, food security, pensions, and minority welfare, contributing to the inclusive growth and development of the state. The focus on infrastructure improvement, digital integration, and targeted financial support reflects the government’s commitment to addressing socio-economic disparities and enhancing the quality of life for all citizens.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1
Analytical Summary
Services at Anganwadi Centres.
Key Data Points
This table outlines the various services provided at Anganwadi Centres and their respective beneficiaries. The services are aimed primarily at children, pregnant women, lactating mothers, adolescent girls, and women aged 15-45 years. The focus is on nutrition, health, education, and immunization.
- Supplementary Nutrition is provided to children (6 months to 6 years), pregnant women, lactating mothers, and adolescent girls.
- Early Childhood and Pre-School Education is aimed at children aged 3-6 years.
- Nutrition and Health Education is offered to women and adolescent girls aged 15-45 years.
- Immunization services are provided to children (0-6 years) and pregnant women.
- Health Check-Ups cover children (0-6 years), pregnant women, lactating women, and adolescent girls.
- Referral Services are provided for children (0-6 years), pregnant women, and lactating mothers.
Key Observations
- Nutrition and health are prioritized for children and women, indicating a holistic approach to early child development and maternal care.
- The targeted age groups ensure that key developmental stages—infancy, childhood, and adolescence—are covered.
- Early education focuses on pre-school children (3-6 years), highlighting the importance of foundational learning before formal schooling.
- Immunization and health check-ups ensure that the physical well-being of both children and pregnant women is addressed, playing a key role in reducing infant mortality and improving maternal health.
Key Terms
- Supplementary Nutrition: Additional food provided to improve the nutritional intake of vulnerable groups such as young children and pregnant women.
- Early Childhood Education: Educational programs designed to promote cognitive, emotional, and social development in children aged 3-6 years.
- Immunization: The process of making people immune to diseases by administering vaccines, particularly focusing on children and pregnant women in this context.
- Referral Services: Healthcare services where patients are directed to specialists or higher-level facilities for more advanced care.
Key Insights
- Comprehensive Coverage: The services provided at Anganwadi Centres address multiple facets of a child’s and mother’s health, including nutrition, education, and regular health check-ups.
- Preventive and Curative Health Approach: The immunization and health check-up services contribute to both prevention of diseases and early detection, reducing long-term health issues.
- Empowerment of Women: By focusing on adolescent girls and women aged 15-45 through nutrition and health education, the services aim to improve women’s health and well-being, which also impacts their families and communities.
Conclusion
Anganwadi Centres play a critical role in early childhood development, maternal health, and public health outreach in India. By providing a range of essential services from nutrition to education, they address both short-term and long-term health and development needs. The integrated approach helps improve not just individual health outcomes but also the overall quality of life for marginalized sections of society. These centers are vital to achieving improved maternal and child health indicators, which are key components of national developmental goals.
Table 9.2
Analytical Summary
Progress of Post Matric Scholarships during the year 2023-24.
Key Data Points
This table provides an overview of the progress in post-matric scholarships for different social categories, along with the expenditure during the financial year 2023-24. The key schemes and their respective beneficiaries and expenditures are as follows:
- SC/ST Post Matric Scholarships: 272,412 beneficiaries, with an expenditure of ₹16,443.38 lakh.
- OBC Post Matric Scholarships: 35,763 beneficiaries, with an expenditure of ₹3,300.07 lakh.
- EBC (Economically Backward Classes) Post Matric Scholarships: 826 beneficiaries, with an expenditure of ₹35.50 lakh.
- MBC (Most Backward Classes) Post Matric Scholarships: 61,045 beneficiaries, with an expenditure of ₹88.78 lakh.
- Mukhyamantri Sarvjan Higher Education Yojana: 22 beneficiaries, with an expenditure of ₹13.52 lakh.
The total number of beneficiaries across all these schemes is 370,068, and the total expenditure amounts to ₹19,881.25 lakh.
Key Observations
- The SC/ST Post Matric Scholarships account for the highest number of beneficiaries (272,412) and the largest expenditure (₹16,443.38 lakh), highlighting the focus on improving education accessibility for marginalized communities.
- The OBC Post Matric Scholarships have the second-largest number of beneficiaries (35,763) and expenditure (₹3,300.07 lakh), indicating a significant effort toward educational support for OBC students.
- The EBC Post Matric Scholarships have the smallest coverage in terms of beneficiaries (826) and expenditure (₹35.50 lakh), reflecting the limited focus on this category, likely due to smaller eligible populations.
- MBC Post Matric Scholarships show moderate levels of both beneficiaries (61,045) and expenditure (₹88.78 lakh).
- The Mukhyamantri Sarvjan Higher Education Yojana has minimal beneficiaries (22) but is a targeted effort to support higher education, indicating its selectiveness.
Key Terms
- Post Matric Scholarships: Financial aid provided to students for education beyond the matriculation level, typically targeting those from disadvantaged or underrepresented communities.
- SC/ST (Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes): Social groups recognized as being historically disadvantaged in India, often prioritized for education and employment benefits.
- OBC (Other Backward Classes): Socially and educationally backward classes that benefit from government affirmative action, including scholarships.
- EBC (Economically Backward Classes): Refers to individuals or groups who are economically disadvantaged but may not belong to a specific caste category.
- MBC (Most Backward Classes): A category that includes certain sub-castes of OBCs, identified for special attention due to high levels of backwardness.
- Mukhyamantri Sarvjan Higher Education Yojana: A government scheme focused on providing financial assistance for higher education, aimed at students from marginalized or underrepresented groups.
Key Insights
- Equity in Education: The scholarship distribution demonstrates a focused effort on ensuring education equity for marginalized communities, with significant financial backing for SC/ST and OBC categories.
- Targeted Interventions: The lesser focus on EBC and MBC categories may reflect either lower population size or specific needs, suggesting room for further policy interventions or expansion based on need assessments.
- Higher Education Support: The Mukhyamantri Sarvjan Higher Education Yojana, though limited in beneficiaries, plays a critical role in enabling access to higher education, which is pivotal for long-term societal development and empowerment of marginalized students.
Conclusion
The table underscores the significant role of post-matric scholarships in promoting education among underrepresented communities in India, particularly focusing on SC/ST and OBC students. The financial commitment, amounting to nearly ₹20,000 lakh, reflects the government’s prioritization of educational support as a means of uplifting marginalized groups. While the coverage for certain groups, such as EBC and MBC, is smaller, the overarching theme is the empowerment of disadvantaged communities through education. Expanding scholarships to include more beneficiaries, especially in higher education, could further enhance the societal impact.
Table 9.3
Analytical Summary
Physical and Financial Progress of Various Schemes under Special Central Assistance during 2023-24.
Key Data Points
This table showcases the physical (number of units) and financial (₹ in lakh) progress of various schemes under Special Central Assistance for the year 2023-24. It covers two main categories: Banking Schemes and Schemes of National Corporation (NSFDC & NSKFDC). The table provides the target and achievements for both physical implementation and financial expenditure across different schemes.
Breakdown of Key Schemes
- Banking Schemes:
- Package of Programme (Urban):
- Physical Target: 2100 units; Achieved: 227 units
- Financial Target: ₹1050 lakh; Achieved: ₹113.50 lakh
- Package of Programme (Rural):
- Physical Target: 3500 units; Achieved: 820 units
- Financial Target: ₹1750 lakh; Achieved: ₹410 lakh
- E-Rickshaw/Auto Rickshaw:
- Physical Target: 100 units; Achieved: 0 units
- Financial Target: ₹50 lakh; Achieved: ₹0
- Improved Breed Cow/Buffalo/Goat:
- Physical Target: 1250 units; Achieved: 410 units
- Financial Target: ₹625 lakh; Achieved: ₹205 lakh
- Individual Pump Sets:
- Physical Target: 100 units; Achieved: 0 units
- Financial Target: ₹50 lakh; Achieved: ₹0
- Mudra Yojana (Urban and Rural):
- Physical Target: 2000 units; Achieved: 520 units
- Financial Target: ₹1000 lakh; Achieved: ₹260 lakh
- Package of Programme (Urban):
- Schemes of National Corporation (NSFDC & NSKFDC):
- Physical Target: 7315 units; Achieved: 3049 units
- Financial Target: ₹3658 lakh; Achieved: ₹1525 lakh
Key Observations
- Banking Schemes have significantly underperformed in terms of physical targets, with an achievement of only 1977 units against a target of 9050 units. Financial achievements are similarly low at ₹988.50 lakh compared to the target of ₹4525 lakh.
- The Urban Package Programme and Rural Package Programme are notably behind schedule, especially in physical achievements.
- The E-Rickshaw/Auto Rickshaw and Individual Pump Sets schemes have made no progress both in physical and financial terms, highlighting implementation delays or obstacles.
- Mudra Yojana shows better progress with 520 units achieved out of a target of 2000 units, though financial achievements remain at ₹260 lakh against a target of ₹1000 lakh.
- Schemes of National Corporation (NSFDC & NSKFDC) have relatively better performance, achieving 3049 units physically against a target of 7315, and spending ₹1525 lakh out of a targeted ₹3658 lakh.
Key Terms
- Special Central Assistance (SCA): Financial aid provided by the central government to states, specifically for the welfare of marginalized communities, to implement various schemes aimed at social and economic upliftment.
- Mudra Yojana: A government initiative providing loans for micro and small enterprises to promote entrepreneurship and employment generation.
- NSFDC (National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation): An institution focused on providing financial assistance to Scheduled Castes (SC) for self-employment and economic empowerment.
- NSKFDC (National Safai Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation): An organization providing financial support for the upliftment of Safai Karamcharis (sanitation workers) and their dependents.
- Physical Targets: Refers to the number of units or beneficiaries targeted to receive benefits from a scheme.
- Financial Targets: Refers to the budget allocated or intended expenditure for a particular scheme.
Key Insights
- The slow implementation and underperformance in physical achievements for most schemes indicate administrative bottlenecks, lack of awareness, or challenges in distribution, especially for E-Rickshaws and Individual Pump Sets.
- Financial disbursements for many schemes are significantly lower than the targeted amounts, suggesting delays in fund release, absorption capacity issues, or a mismatch between planning and execution.
- Schemes of National Corporation (NSFDC & NSKFDC), despite a lower overall target compared to Banking Schemes, show relatively better performance in both physical and financial achievements, highlighting a more efficient scheme management.
Conclusion
The overall progress of schemes under Special Central Assistance for 2023-24 is lagging, with both physical and financial achievements well below the targets. Banking schemes, in particular, need stronger intervention to enhance the speed and scale of implementation. There is also a need for better coordination, monitoring, and fund disbursement to achieve the intended social and economic outcomes, especially for the targeted marginalized communities.
Table 9.4
Analytical Summary
Progress under Tribal Area Development Programmes.
Key Data Points
This table presents the target and achievements for various education-related schemes under the Tribal Area Development Programmes. The schemes include the running of ashram hostels, residential schools (EMRS), sports hostels, and model public schools for tribal students.
- Running of Ashram Hostels:
- Target: 28,925 students
- Achievement: 28,176 students
- Achievement rate: 97.41%
- Running of Residential Schools/EMRS:
- Target: 13,095 students
- Achievement: 12,157 students
- Achievement rate: 92.86%
- Running of Sports Hostels:
- Target: 900 students
- Achievement: 894 students
- Achievement rate: 99.33%
- Running of Model Public Schools:
- Target: 700 students
- Achievement: 697 students
- Achievement rate: 99.57%
Key Observations
- High Achievement Rates: All the schemes have performed well, with achievement rates exceeding 90%. This indicates efficient execution of tribal education programs.
- Sports Hostels and Model Public Schools have nearly achieved 100% of their targets, demonstrating the effective use of resources and focus on infrastructure for these students.
- Ashram Hostels and Residential Schools/EMRS also show good progress, though they are slightly below the target, with completion rates above 90%.
Key Terms
- Ashram Hostels: These are hostels established in tribal areas to accommodate students from tribal communities, providing them with boarding facilities while they pursue education.
- EMRS (Eklavya Model Residential Schools): These are government-run schools in tribal areas that provide quality education to tribal students, aiming to integrate them into mainstream education with a focus on academic excellence.
- Sports Hostels: Hostels for students pursuing sports education alongside their formal education, offering facilities for training in various sports.
- Model Public Schools: Public schools with enhanced infrastructure and educational resources, designed to provide quality education in tribal areas.
Key Insights
- The nearly 100% achievement rates in sports and model public schools signify the government’s effective allocation and execution of resources in these areas. This could lead to better opportunities for tribal students in both academics and sports.
- The slight shortfall in the Ashram Hostels and Residential Schools indicates there might be operational challenges in fully meeting the targets, although the overall performance remains commendable.
- Residential schools are key for providing structured and sustained education to tribal students, and the high achievement rates reflect positively on the focus given to tribal development.
Conclusion
The Tribal Area Development Programmes have made significant progress, as evidenced by the near-complete achievement of set targets across all schemes. This demonstrates a successful strategy in improving educational opportunities for tribal students. The consistent performance across multiple types of institutions, from ashram hostels to model public schools, showcases an effective approach to inclusive education. However, there is still room to bridge the gap between targets and achievements in residential schools and hostels for further optimization.
Table 5 – Economic Review 2023-24
Analytical Summary
Economic Review 2023-24 (Schemes Performance Data).
Key Data Points
The table provides the progress of various schemes targeted at tribal development and related sectors, presenting both the target and the achieved numbers for the year 2023-24.
- Running of Maa Badi (Student):
- Target: 92,070
- Achievement: 92,000
- Achievement Rate: 99.92%
- Running of College Hostels (Students):
- Target: 625
- Achievement: 513
- Achievement Rate: 82.08%
- Drinking Water (Structure):
- Target: 419
- Achievement: 150
- Achievement Rate: 35.80%
- Construction of EMRS (Structure):
- Target: 4
- Achievement: 4
- Achievement Rate: 100%
- Skill Development (Beneficiaries):
- Target: 3,079
- Achievement: 3,079
- Achievement Rate: 100%
- Free Ghee, Oil, and Dal for Kathodi Families:
- Target: 3,253
- Achievement: 3,253
- Achievement Rate: 100%
Key Observations
- High Achievement Schemes: Some schemes like “Running of Maa Badi,” “Anuprati Yojana,” and “Skill Development” have close to or exactly 100% achievement rates. This reflects effective resource utilization and successful implementation.
- Low Achievement Schemes: Certain schemes, such as the Drinking Water Structure, have a low achievement rate of 35.80%, indicating possible challenges in infrastructure development, resource allocation, or logistics.
- Health and Social Schemes: Schemes such as T.B. Control Projects and Assistance to Tribal Families for Death and Accidents achieved nearly full compliance, underscoring the importance of health and social welfare schemes within the tribal development plan.
Key Terms
- Maa Badi Scheme: A program aimed at providing basic education to tribal girls who are unable to attend regular schools due to socioeconomic barriers.
- EMRS (Eklavya Model Residential School): Government-funded residential schools specifically designed for students from Scheduled Tribes to provide quality education and holistic development.
- Anuprati Yojana: A scheme that provides financial assistance and incentives to students from backward classes to encourage higher education and professional courses.
- Skill Development: Refers to programs aimed at enhancing the employability of tribal youth by providing vocational and technical training.
- Agriculture Development Schemes: These initiatives aim to support farmers in tribal areas through assistance programs related to irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, and equipment under various central and state government policies.
Key Insights
- Education and Health Focus: Significant efforts are made toward enhancing educational access through schemes like EMRS and Anuprati Yojana. These efforts have achieved high success rates, indicating positive outcomes in skill and education development among the tribal population.
- Challenges in Infrastructure: The stark contrast in achievement rates for physical structures like water supply systems (Drinking Water, Anicut Structures) suggests that infrastructure development faces significant hurdles, potentially due to financial constraints or geographical challenges.
- Consistency in Welfare Schemes: The success of welfare schemes providing basic needs like food (ghee, oil, dal distribution) reflects the government’s emphasis on ensuring fundamental social support for vulnerable tribal families.
Conclusion
The overall performance of tribal development schemes for 2023-24 shows high achievement in educational and welfare-related programs. While the execution of health and social welfare schemes has been consistent, infrastructure development projects such as water structures and community halls need further attention. These areas require a strategic review to overcome logistical and financial obstacles to achieve better outcomes in subsequent years.
Table 9.5
Analytical Summary
Year-wise Progress of Mukhyamantri Samuhik Vivah Evm Anudan Yojana 2021.
Key Data Points
The table showcases the year-wise progress of Mukhyamantri Samuhik Vivah Evm Anudan Yojana, specifically focusing on the number of beneficiary pairs and the total expenditure (in ₹ lakh).
- 2019-20:
- Benefitted Pairs: 3,592
- Expenditure: ₹768.59 lakh
- 2020-21:
- Benefitted Pairs: 5,141
- Expenditure: ₹912.79 lakh
- 2021-22:
- Benefitted Pairs: 3,205
- Expenditure: ₹624.31 lakh
- 2022-23:
- Benefitted Pairs: 2,433
- Expenditure: ₹431.59 lakh
- 2023-24:
- Benefitted Pairs: 3,624
- Expenditure: ₹969.40 lakh
Key Observations
- Fluctuating Participation: The number of benefitted pairs saw an increase in 2020-21, followed by a significant decline in 2022-23. However, the trend reversed in 2023-24, with a marked increase in both benefitted pairs and expenditure.
- Expenditure Pattern: The expenditure pattern correlates with the number of benefitted pairs each year. The highest expenditure was observed in 2023-24 at ₹969.40 lakh, likely due to the rise in beneficiaries.
- Sharp Decrease in 2022-23: The year 2022-23 saw the lowest number of benefitted pairs (2,433) and the least expenditure, indicating that participation in the scheme dipped during that year.
Key Terms
- Mukhyamantri Samuhik Vivah Evm Anudan Yojana: A government initiative aimed at providing financial support for mass marriages, especially benefiting low-income groups by reducing the financial burden of wedding ceremonies.
- Benefitted Pairs: The term refers to the number of couples who received benefits (financial aid) under this scheme for their marriages.
- Expenditure (₹ Lakh): The total amount of money spent by the government each year to support the benefitted pairs under the scheme.
Key Insights
- Increased Participation in 2023-24: After a dip in the previous year (2022-23), the 2023-24 figures show a rise in the number of benefitted pairs and corresponding expenditure, indicating renewed interest or improved access to the scheme.
- Impact of External Factors: The dip in participation during 2021-22 and 2022-23 might have been influenced by external factors like the pandemic, which could have restricted large gatherings, including mass marriages.
- Efficient Budget Utilization: The expenditure in 2020-21 was high, reflecting both efficient utilization of the budget and strong demand for the scheme, especially compared to the relatively lower numbers in 2021-22 and 2022-23.
Conclusion
The Mukhyamantri Samuhik Vivah Evm Anudan Yojana has provided significant financial assistance for mass marriages, as indicated by the year-on-year progress. The scheme experienced fluctuating participation, likely influenced by external circumstances, but 2023-24 saw a resurgence in participation and expenditure. Continuous monitoring and strategic improvements will ensure that more families can benefit from this financial support program, contributing to societal well-being and reducing financial pressures on vulnerable communities.