ENERGY SECTOR IN RAJASTHAN

ENERGY SECTOR IN RAJASTHAN

INTRODUCTION

Energy is a vital element for the industrial, economic, and infrastructural development of any state, and Rajasthan is no exception. Over the years, the state has witnessed a substantial rise in its energy generation capacity, which has been instrumental in its overall development.

 

Historical Growth of Energy Capacity

At the time of India’s independence in 1947, Rajasthan had a mere 13.2 MW of installed power capacity. However, significant investments and projects have transformed the state’s energy sector. As of 31st December 2021, the total installed power capacity in Rajasthan has skyrocketed to 21835.90 MW.

This massive growth underscores Rajasthan’s strategic importance in India’s energy sector, contributing significantly to industrial activities, infrastructure projects, and overall economic prosperity.

 

Currently Producing Energy in Rajasthan (2021)

A detailed table illustrates the energy generation capacity over the last five years, reflecting the evolution of energy sources in Rajasthan.

Year	Coal Energy (MW)	Lignite Energy (MW)	Gas Energy (MW)	Total Thermal Energy (MW)	Hydro Energy (MW)	Solar Energy (MW)	Wind Energy (MW)	Biomass Energy (MW)	Nuclear Energy (MW)	Total Energy (MW)
2016-17	5190.00	603.50	6810.79	13604.29	1394.41	221.10	456.74	0	1421.30	19856.35
2017-18	5190.00	603.50	7470.73	14073.23	1793.50	221.10	456.74	0	1410.00	20614.57
2018-19	5850.00	603.50	7470.73	13920.60	1793.50	221.10	456.74	0	1410.00	20831.94
2019-20	6510.70	603.50	7470.73	14585.90	1870.46	221.10	456.74	0	1410.00	21597.20
2020-21	7100.50	603.50	603.50	16171.79	740.00	221.10	456.74	0	1410.00	21835.90

 

Key Highlights:

• Thermal Energy: The primary contributor to Rajasthan’s energy production is thermal energy. Over the years, the state has expanded its thermal energy capacity, which predominantly comes from coal and gas.
• Coal Energy: Among thermal sources, coal remains the largest contributor, followed by gas, indicating the state’s reliance on traditional energy sources for industrial needs.
• Renewable Energy: The state has also made strides in renewable energy, with solar and wind energy steadily contributing to the overall energy mix.
• Nuclear Energy: Rajasthan’s energy profile also includes a nuclear component, with 1410 MW consistently produced annually.

 

Types of Energy Stations in Rajasthan

Rajasthan’s energy infrastructure includes a diverse range of power stations, each classified based on their generation capacity and the technology they use. Understanding these classifications is essential for grasping the scale and nature of power production in the state.

(a) Super Thermal Stations

A Super Thermal Station is classified as a power station with a total capacity exceeding 1000 MW. These large-scale plants are vital for providing a stable energy supply to meet the industrial and domestic needs of Rajasthan.

Examples of Super Thermal Stations in Rajasthan:

1. Suratgarh Super Thermal Station
2. Kota Super Thermal Station
3. Chhabra Super Thermal Station

These stations predominantly rely on coal for generating electricity, playing a crucial role in the state’s energy grid.

(b) Super Critical Stations

Super Critical Stations utilize advanced technology to achieve greater efficiency and lower emissions. These power stations operate at temperatures and pressures higher than the critical point of water, improving energy output.

• A Super Critical Station is defined as having a generation capacity of more than 500 MW per unit.

Example of Super Critical Station in Rajasthan: 

• Chhabra (Baran) is a prime example of a supercritical power station in Rajasthan.

 

(c) Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPP)

Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) are large-scale projects, each with a capacity of 4000 MW or more. These projects aim to meet the growing energy demands across India, and Rajasthan plays a significant role with its UMPPs.

UMPPs are part of India’s ambitious energy plans and are designed to provide reliable power over long distances, thus reducing energy shortages.

 

Classification of Energy Resources

Energy resources in Rajasthan are broadly classified based on production methods and renewability potential. This classification helps in understanding the balance between conventional, non-conventional, renewable, and non-renewable sources that contribute to the state’s energy mix.

(1) Based on Production

Energy resources can be categorized into two types based on their mode of production:

(a) Conventional Energy Resources: These are traditional energy sources that have been used for decades.

• Coal: Rajasthan is rich in coal, and it is one of the primary resources used for thermal energy generation.
• Natural Gas: Another key component of the thermal energy mix.
• Petroleum: Although not heavily produced in Rajasthan, petroleum still contributes to the state’s energy needs.
• Hydropower: While hydro energy plays a relatively smaller role, it still forms part of the conventional energy portfolio in the state.

(b) Non-Conventional Energy Resources: As the state focuses on sustainability, non-conventional sources are gaining prominence.

• Nuclear Energy: With Rajasthan’s reliance on nuclear energy, the state benefits from a stable and clean energy source.
• Solar Energy: Rajasthan, with its vast desert areas and high levels of sunlight, is a national leader in solar energy production.
• Wind Energy: Wind energy is also making significant contributions, especially in the western parts of the state.
• Biogas: A cleaner form of energy derived from organic matter.
• Tidal Energy: Although still in its nascent stages, tidal energy is an emerging area for energy production.

 

(2) Based on Possibility

Energy resources are also classified based on whether they are renewable or non-renewable:

(a) Non-Renewable Energy Resources:

• Coal: A finite resource that is heavily relied upon for thermal energy.
• Natural Gas: Though cleaner than coal, natural gas is also a non-renewable resource.
• Petroleum: Fossil fuel, which is extracted and used primarily for industrial purposes.
• Nuclear Energy: While it produces low emissions, the fuel for nuclear reactors (uranium) is finite.

(b) Renewable Energy Resources:

• Hydro Energy: Using water flow to generate electricity is renewable as long as the water cycle continues uninterrupted.
• Solar Energy: Rajasthan’s abundant sunshine makes it a leader in solar energy, which is a fully renewable resource.
• Wind Energy: The wind, especially in certain regions of Rajasthan, provides a continuous and renewable energy source.

 

Comparison of Energy Sources in Rajasthan

A table could be included to compare conventional and non-conventional energy sources, with details on their contribution to Rajasthan’s total energy production.

 

Energy Source	Type	Production Capacity (MW)	Renewable
Coal	Conventional	7100.50	No
Natural Gas	Conventional	603.50	No
Solar	Non-Conventional	221.10	Yes
Wind	Non-Conventional	456.74	Yes
Nuclear	Non-Conventional	1410.00	No
Hydro	Conventional	740.00	Yes

This table provides a clear comparison of the various energy sources contributing to Rajasthan’s energy capacity. It helps understand which sources are renewable and non-renewable, and their respective contributions to the overall energy generation in the state.

 

CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES IN RAJASTHAN

Energy resources are divided into two broad categories: Conventional and Non-Conventional. These classifications help in understanding the source of energy and its availability for future use.

 

Conventional Energy Resources

These energy resources have been used for a long time and involve traditional methods of energy production. They are usually finite in nature, which means they will eventually be exhausted if consumption continues at current rates.

• Hydropower: Rajasthan utilizes hydropower generated from flowing water, though this is a relatively small part of its energy mix compared to other states due to the geographical limitations of the desert landscape.
• Thermal Power: This includes energy produced from coal, natural gas, and petroleum, which together form the backbone of Rajasthan’s conventional energy production.

 

Non-Conventional Energy Resources

These are relatively new energy sources that use advanced technology for harnessing energy in a cleaner and more sustainable manner. These resources are generally renewable and thus are critical to reducing the environmental footprint of energy production.

• Nuclear Energy: Rajasthan has a significant reliance on nuclear energy, with plants generating a steady output of clean energy.
• Wind Energy: The state has vast tracts of land suitable for wind energy farms, particularly in the western parts where wind speeds are high.
• Biogas and Biomass Energy: Organic waste and agricultural by-products are used to produce clean energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
• Tidal Energy: Although in its infancy, tidal energy has been identified as a potential future source of power.
• Solar Energy: Rajasthan leads in solar energy production due to its geographical advantage of abundant sunlight, making it one of the largest solar energy producers in India.

 

Energy Power Projects in Rajasthan

Energy power projects in the state can be divided into two main categories:

1. Conventional Projects
   • Hydro Energy: These projects are based on the traditional hydropower model.
   • Thermal Energy: Most of Rajasthan’s energy projects fall under this category, relying on coal, gas, and petroleum.
2. Non-Conventional Projects
   • Solar Energy: Rajasthan’s solar projects contribute significantly to India’s renewable energy goals.
   • Wind Energy: Wind farms are also part of the state’s focus on non-conventional, clean energy.
   • Biomass and Biogas: Biomass plants are a growing area of non-conventional energy production.
   • Biofuel/Biodiesel: A new avenue for creating renewable energy in the state, focusing on sustainable fuels.

 

Hydropower Projects in Rajasthan

Rajasthan’s hydropower generation, though limited due to the state’s topography, still plays an essential role in balancing the state’s energy grid. The state government, as well as central government, run several hydropower projects.

(i) State Government’s Hydropower Projects

The Rajasthan state government oversees several small to medium hydropower plants, which make a limited but consistent contribution to the state’s overall energy mix.

• Jakham Small Hydro Power Project (Pratapgarh):
  • Production capacity: 5.4 MW
• Anas Hydro Power Project (Banswara):
  • Production capacity: 140 MW
• Indira Gandhi Small Hydro Power Project:
  • Production capacity: 23.85 MW

 

(ii) State Run Hydropower Projects

In addition to state-run projects, there are collaborative efforts between the state and central government to manage certain hydropower projects.

• Hydropower Division: The state’s hydro power generation is often managed jointly between state and central governments, dividing responsibility for resource allocation and management.

1. Bhakra – Nangal Hydroelectric Project – The Bhakra-Nangal project is one of the largest hydropower projects in India, built on the Sutlej River. While it benefits multiple states, Rajasthan receives a significant share of the power generated from this project, contributing to the state’s energy requirements.
   • States Benefiting: Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana
   • Production Capacity: 1493 MW
   • Rajasthan’s Share: 15.2% or 227 MW
2. Vyas Hydroelectric Project – This project provides a higher share of power to Rajasthan compared to the Bhakra-Nangal project. With its focus on the Sutlej and Beas Rivers, the Vyas project plays a crucial role in energy distribution among the northern states.
   • States Benefiting: Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana
   • Rajasthan’s Share: 422 MW
3. Mahi-Bajaj Sagar Hydroelectric Project – The Mahi-Bajaj Sagar project, situated on the Mahi River, is an essential power plant for Rajasthan, providing all its generated energy directly to the state.
   • States Benefiting: Rajasthan, Gujarat
   • This project has been built in two phases:
     • 2 Units x 25 MW = 50 MW
     • 2 Units x 45 MW = 90 MW
   • Total Capacity: 140 MW
   • Note: 100% of the electricity generated from this project is consumed within Rajasthan.
4. Chambal Hydroelectric Project – The Chambal River plays a critical role in these hydroelectric plants, which produce nearly 400 MW of energy. These projects are a shared effort between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, ensuring equitable energy distribution to both states.
   • Joint Scheme of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
   • Total Capacity: 386 MW
   • Contribution from Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh is equal, with the scheme generating energy through three dams:
     • Gandhi Sagar Dam: 23 MW x 5 units = 115 MW
     • Rana Pratap Sagar Dam: 43 MW x 3 units = 172 MW
     • Jawahar Sagar Dam: 33 MW x 3 units = 99 MW

 

1. Rahughat Project (Karauli District)
   • Proposal in progress: Details not available.

 

(iii) Hydropower Projects Managed by the Central Government

Rajasthan also benefits from several centrally managed hydropower projects. These projects are not located within Rajasthan but provide significant power supply to the state through inter-state collaboration. Rajasthan, while not rich in direct water resources, benefits from a number of hydropower projects located in other states, particularly in the northern and north-eastern regions of India. These projects are either managed by state governments or central entities like the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC).

1. 1. Salal Project (Jammu and Kashmir) – The Salal Hydroelectric Project is located on the Chenab River and contributes power to a wide array of northern states, including Rajasthan.
      • River: Chenab River
      • Managed by: National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC)
      • States Benefiting: Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh
   2. Dulhasti Project (Jammu and Kashmir) – Like the Salal Project, the Dulhasti Project is another NHPC-run scheme that distributes power to the northern grid, providing electricity to Rajasthan and other states.
      • River: Chenab River
      • Managed by: NHPC
      • States Benefiting: Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh
   3. Uri Project (Jammu and Kashmir) – This project, situated on the Jhelum River, ensures a steady flow of hydroelectric power to the national grid, from which Rajasthan receives a portion of the generated energy.
      • River: Jhelum River
      • Managed by: NHPC
      • States Benefiting: Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh
   4. Parvati Project (Himachal Pradesh) – The Parvati project, located in Himachal Pradesh, ensures that Rajasthan receives power alongside other northern states. The collaboration between different states in this project highlights the interconnectedness of India’s hydroelectric grid.
      • River: Parvati River
      • Managed by: NHPC
      • States Benefiting: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh

• Chamera Project (Himachal Pradesh) – The Chamera Project, located on the Ravi River, is an important NHPC-operated scheme that supplies power to multiple northern states. Rajasthan benefits from the energy produced here, helping to meet its power demands through shared hydropower resources.

• River: Ravi River
• Managed by: NHPC
• States Benefiting: Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh

• Nathpa Jhakari Project (Himachal Pradesh) – The Nathpa Jhakari Project on the Sutlej River is another critical NHPC project that provides energy to several northern states. Rajasthan’s share from this project is part of its broader reliance on hydropower from outside its own borders.

• River: Sutlej River
• Managed by: NHPC
• States Benefiting: Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh

• Tehri Project (Uttarakhand) – The Tehri Hydroelectric Project, one of the tallest dams in the world, is situated on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand. It is a major contributor to the power supply for Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

• River: Bhagirathi River
• Managed by: Tehri Hydro Power Development Corporation
• States Benefiting: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand

• Tanakpur Project (Uttarakhand) – The Tanakpur Project on the Sharda River, managed by NHPC, benefits a wide range of states, including Rajasthan. This project plays a key role in ensuring a stable supply of hydropower to the northern grid.

• River: Sharda (Kali) River
• Managed by: NHPC
• States Benefiting: Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh

• Dhauli Ganga Project (Uttarakhand) – The Dhauli Ganga Project, operated by NHPC, generates hydropower that is shared among several states, with Rajasthan being one of the beneficiaries.

• River: Dhauli Ganga River
• Managed by: NHPC
• States Benefiting: Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh.

 

Hydropower Project Locations

The map provided in the images outlines the geographic locations of several hydropower projects, highlighting their distribution across northern India and their connection to Rajasthan. This map helps illustrate the scale and reach of Rajasthan’s hydropower network, which extends beyond its borders to projects managed by NHPC and other state entities.

Textual Description:

• Salal, Dulhasti, Uri Projects: Located in Jammu & Kashmir, providing hydropower to northern states including Rajasthan.
• Chamera, Nathpa Jhakari, Parvati Projects: Situated in Himachal Pradesh, these projects feed into the northern grid.
• Tehri, Tanakpur, Dhauli Ganga Projects: Located in Uttarakhand, these projects play a significant role in power generation for northern India, including Rajasthan.

Tala Hydroelectric Project (Bhutan) In addition to domestic projects, Rajasthan also receives power from international hydropower collaborations, such as the Tala Hydroelectric Project in Bhutan. Energy Received: Rajasthan gets 57.68 million units of electricity from this project. This international cooperation enhances Rajasthan’s energy security and helps diversify its energy sources.

 

THERMAL ENERGY IN RAJASTHAN

Thermal energy has the largest share in Rajasthan’s electricity generation. It is mainly produced using fossil fuels, primarily coal, petroleum, and naphtha. The contribution of coal is particularly significant, as most of the state’s thermal plants depend on it for electricity production.

Rajasthan is home to several major coal- and lignite-based thermal power projects, categorized into state government schemes and central government schemes.

(i) State Government Thermal Power Schemes

Rajasthan operates several thermal power projects under the aegis of the state government, most of which are coal-based. These projects are distributed across different parts of the state and contribute significantly to its energy supply. The key power plants are:

1. Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant (Shri Ganganagar)
   • Rajasthan’s first super thermal power plant.
   • Production Capacity: 1500 MW
2. Kota Super Thermal Power Plant (Kota)
   • Rajasthan’s first coal-dependent thermal power plant.
   • Production Capacity: 1240 MW
3. Chhabra Super Thermal Power Plant (Baran)
   • Production Capacity: 1660 MW
4. Kavai Super Critical Power Plant (Baran)
   • Production Capacity: 1320 MW
5. Kali Sindh Super Critical Power Plant (Jhalawar)
   • Production Capacity: 1200 MW
6. Bhadres Super Power Plant (Barmer)
   • Production Capacity: 1080 MW

 

1. Kapurdi-Jalipa Super Thermal Power Project (Barmer)
   • Production Capacity: 1080 MW
2. Giral Thermal Power Project (Barmer)
   • Production Capacity: 250 MW (125 MW x 2 units)
3. Danpur Super Thermal Power Project (Banswara)
   • Production Capacity: 1320 MW
4. Barsingsar Thermal Power Project (Bikaner)
   • Production Capacity: 250 MW (125 MW x 2 units) – This lignite-based power plant helps to meet the state’s energy demands, contributing significantly to the power grid.

Each of these plants plays a pivotal role in meeting the state’s energy requirements, with coal as the dominant fuel source.

 

(ii) Central Government Thermal Power Schemes

While the image does not provide explicit details on central government schemes, it is implied that certain thermal power projects are under central authority or operate with a central-state collaboration. These power plants help in supplying electricity not only within Rajasthan but also to other states through the national power grid. 

The National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) manages several large-scale thermal power plants, with some of the energy produced in these plants benefiting Rajasthan. The primary plants under NTPC management are:

• Singrauli Thermal Plant (Uttar Pradesh)
• Rihand Super Thermal Power Plant (Uttar Pradesh)
• Unchahar Super Thermal Power Plant (Uttar Pradesh)
• Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Plant (Uttar Pradesh)
• Talcher Super Thermal Power Plant (Odisha)

These power plants contribute to the national grid, with portions of their output being shared by states like Rajasthan.

 

GAS POWER PROJECTS IN RAJASTHAN

In addition to coal-based thermal power, Rajasthan also operates several gas power projects, providing an alternative, cleaner energy source. These projects are categorized into state government projects and central government projects.

(i) State Government Gas Power Projects

1. Command Cycle Gas Power Plant (Dholpur)
   • Installed Capacity: 110 MW per unit (Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine)
     The Dholpur Combined Cycle Gas Power Plant operates on both gas turbines and steam turbines, increasing its overall efficiency.
2. Ramgarh Gas Power Plant (Jaisalmer)
   • Rajasthan’s first gas power plant, this project is key to the state’s transition to natural gas-based energy.
   • Installed Capacity:
     • Unit 1: 36.5 MW (Gas Turbine)
     • Unit 2: 37.6 MW (Gas Turbine)
     • Unit 3: 37.5 MW (Gas Turbine)
     • Unit 4: 110 MW (Steam Turbine)
     • Unit 5: 60 MW (Steam Turbine)
3. Dhamocodara Gas Power Project (Udaipur) – The Dhamocodara project is another important gas-based plant supporting energy demands in southern Rajasthan.

Map of Gas Power Projects

A map provided in the images shows the locations of major natural gas-based projects across Rajasthan. These projects are strategically placed to maximize efficiency and energy distribution across the state.

Textual Explanation:

• The Ramgarh plant in Jaisalmer is Rajasthan’s first gas power project and remains a key contributor to the state’s energy grid.
• Dholpur and Dhamocodara are also crucial plants located in the central and southern regions, ensuring comprehensive coverage for gas power generation.

 

Central Government Gas Power Projects

Rajasthan also benefits from several gas power projects managed by the central government, particularly those operated by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC).

1. Anta Gas Power Plant (Baran)
   • Installed Capacity: 419.3 MW
   • Stages and Units:
     • Unit 1: 88.7 MW (ST, commissioned in 1989 January)
     • Unit 2: 88.7 MW (ST, commissioned in 1989 March)
     • Unit 3: 88.7 MW (ST, commissioned in 1989 May)
     • Unit 4: 153.2 MW (GT, commissioned in 1990 March)

The Anta Gas Power Plant is significant because it was the first gas power project in Rajasthan and remains one of the state’s most important gas-based power plants.

1. Dadri Gas Power Plant (Uttar Pradesh)
   • Installed Capacity: 829.78 MW
   • Stages and Units:
     • Six units, each ranging from 130.19 MW to 154.51 MW
     • Commissioned between 1992 and 1993
2. Oraya Gas Power Plant (Uttar Pradesh)
   • Installed Capacity: 829.78 MW
   • Similar in structure to the Dadri Gas Power Plant, with six units of varying capacities from 130.19 MW to 154.51 MW, commissioned between 1992 and 1993.

 

Proposed Gas Power Projects

Rajasthan is planning several new gas-based power projects to expand its energy portfolio. These proposed projects include:

• Bundi Gas Power Project: 330 MW
• Kota Gas Power Project: 330 MW
• Baran Gas Power Project: 330 MW

These projects aim to utilize natural gas to produce energy, contributing to the state’s growing energy demand and supporting the transition toward cleaner power sources.

Liquid Fuel/Nephtha-Based Projects

1. Dholpur Power Plant
   • Phase 1: 330 MW
   • Phase 2: 372.7 MW
   • Total Installed Capacity: 702.7 MW

The Dholpur Power Plant is an important project utilizing liquid fuels and naphtha. With two phases of development, it significantly contributes to the state’s power supply.

 

1. Keshoraipatan Thermal Power Plant (Proposed)
   • Production Capacity: 166 MW This proposed project aims to further expand the state’s thermal power capacity, contributing to energy security.

 

NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES

Non-Conventional Energy Resources refer to energy sources that are renewable, sustainable, and often environment friendly. These energy sources are relatively new and are harnessed using advanced technology, unlike conventional sources like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Non-conventional energy resources play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions and dependency on fossil fuels, helping to address global environmental concerns such as climate change.

 

Types of Non-Conventional Energy Resources

1. Solar Energy

• Source: The Sun.
• Working Principle: Solar energy is captured using solar panels or photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight into electricity.
• Applications:
  • Solar Rooftop Systems: Used in residential, commercial, and industrial settings to generate electricity for immediate use or storage.
  • Solar Water Heaters: Commonly used to heat water for domestic and industrial purposes.
  • Solar Pumps: Solar-powered irrigation pumps for agriculture, a key initiative under schemes like the Kusum Scheme in India.
• Advantages:
  • Abundant and widely available.
  • No emissions during operation.
  • Low maintenance costs.
• Example: Rajasthan, with high solar radiation and clear skies, has major solar parks in Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, and Bhadla.

2. Wind Energy

• Source: Kinetic energy from wind.
• Working Principle: Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electricity.
• Applications:
  • Wind Farms: Large-scale installations where multiple wind turbines are set up to generate electricity for the grid.
  • Hybrid Wind-Solar Systems: Combining both wind and solar energy to provide consistent power generation.
• Advantages:
  • Clean and renewable.
  • Suitable for both land and offshore locations.
• Example: Rajasthan is one of India’s top states in wind power generation, with major wind energy projects in Jaisalmer and Sikar.

3. Biomass Energy

• Source: Organic materials such as agricultural waste, forest residues, and animal dung.
• Working Principle: Biomass is burned or converted into biofuels such as biogas, which can be used to generate electricity or heat.
• Applications:
  • Biomass Power Plants: Produce electricity by burning organic material.
  • Biogas: Produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter (e.g., cow dung), which can be used for cooking or electricity generation.
• Advantages:
  • Utilizes waste materials.
  • Reduces dependency on fossil fuels.
  • Can provide a consistent energy supply.
• Example: Rajasthan has several biomass power plants in Shri Ganganagar, Uniara, and Kota, using mustard oil residues and other agricultural waste.

4. Geothermal Energy

• Source: Heat stored beneath the Earth’s surface.
• Working Principle: Geothermal plants tap into the Earth’s internal heat to generate electricity or provide direct heating.
• Applications:
  • Geothermal Power Plants: Convert heat from underground reservoirs into electricity.
  • Geothermal Heat Pumps: Used for heating and cooling buildings.
• Advantages:
  • Constant and reliable source of energy.
  • Minimal emissions.
• Example: Although not widely used in Rajasthan, geothermal potential is being explored in certain parts of India like the Himalayan region.

5. Tidal and Wave Energy

• Source: Kinetic energy from ocean tides and waves.
• Working Principle: Devices such as tidal turbines or wave converters capture the motion of water to generate electricity.
• Applications:
  • Tidal Power Plants: Installed in coastal regions to capture energy from ocean tides.
  • Wave Energy Converters: Harvest energy from the surface waves in oceans.
• Advantages:
  • Predictable and consistent.
  • Low environmental impact.
• Example: While Rajasthan, being landlocked, does not have tidal or wave energy projects, coastal states like Gujarat and Tamil Nadu have potential for such initiatives.

6. Hydropower from Small and Micro Dams

• Source: Flowing water from rivers or dams.
• Working Principle: Small or micro hydroelectric plants convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity using turbines.
• Applications:
  • Small Hydro Projects: Suitable for hilly areas with small rivers or streams.
  • Micro Hydropower: Often used in remote areas for off-grid electricity generation.
• Advantages:
  • Provides a continuous power supply.
  • Minimal environmental disruption compared to large dams.
• Example: Rajasthan has hydropower potential through small dams like Jakham Hydro Power Project in Pratapgarh and the Indira Gandhi Hydro Power Project.

 

7. Biodiesel and Biofuels

• Source: Organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and plant-based oils (e.g., Jatropha).
• Working Principle: Biofuels like biodiesel are derived from renewable biological resources and used as a substitute for conventional diesel in vehicles and machinery.
• Applications:
  • Biofuel Blending: Mixed with conventional fuels to reduce emissions and improve sustainability.
  • Standalone Biofuel Engines: Used in agricultural machinery or vehicles.
• Advantages:
  • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Can be produced locally, reducing fuel imports.
• Example: Rajasthan has a biodiesel refinery in Kalrawas, Udaipur, supporting biofuel production from Jatropha.

 

Importance of Non-Conventional Energy Resources in Rajasthan

1. Renewable and Sustainable: Non-conventional energy sources like solar and wind are renewable, meaning they can be replenished and are sustainable in the long term.
2. Reduced Carbon Footprint: By shifting to non-conventional energy sources, Rajasthan can reduce its dependency on fossil fuels and lower its carbon emissions.
3. Energy Security: Developing indigenous renewable energy sources improves energy security by reducing reliance on imported fuels.
4. Economic Growth: Investment in renewable energy technologies creates new job opportunities, boosts the local economy, and attracts foreign investment.
5. Favorable Geography: Rajasthan, with its abundant sunlight and vast land availability, is particularly suited to solar power, while its wind corridors have significant potential for wind energy generation.

 

Challenges Facing Non-Conventional Energy Development

1. Initial Costs: The high upfront cost of installing renewable energy systems (e.g., solar panels, wind turbines) can be a barrier.
2. Intermittency: Solar and wind energy are dependent on environmental conditions, leading to challenges in maintaining a constant energy supply.
3. Infrastructure: The lack of robust energy transmission and storage infrastructure can limit the expansion of renewable energy projects.
4. Technological Development: Some non-conventional energy sources, such as tidal or wave energy, require further technological advancements before they can be commercially viable.

 

Non-conventional Energy Resources in Rajasthan

Rajasthan is a leader in India’s renewable energy sector, with a strong emphasis on non-conventional energy resources. These energy resources are derived from natural sources that are relatively newer compared to conventional ones, such as fossil fuels. Rajasthan’s geography, with its vast desert areas and high solar insolation, makes it an ideal location for the development of non-conventional energy resources.

1. Nuclear Energy

Rajasthan has an established nuclear energy sector, particularly through the Rajasthan Nuclear Power Project located in Rawatbhata (Chittorgarh). This project is managed by the Nuclear Power Corporation (NPC) and has been operational since 30th November 1972.

• Total Installed Capacity: 1180 MW
  • First Unit: 100 MW
  • Second Unit: 200 MW
  • Third Unit: 220 MW
  • Fourth Unit: 220 MW
  • Fifth Unit: 220 MW
  • Sixth Unit: 220 MW

Expansion Plans:

• Two additional units of 700 MW each are proposed at the Rawatbhata Nuclear Power Plant, further expanding the state’s nuclear power capacity.
• Rajasthan also sources nuclear energy from the Narora Plant in Uttar Pradesh.
• Another nuclear power plant is proposed in Banswara, adding to the state’s non-conventional energy sources.

 

2. Solar Energy

Rajasthan holds immense potential for solar energy generation due to its geographic location and climatic conditions.

Reasons for High Solar Energy Potential in Rajasthan:

1. High Solar Radiation: Rajasthan receives intense solar radiation due to its desert landscape.
2. Sunny Days: The state enjoys approximately 325 clear sunny days a year, making it an ideal location for solar projects.
3. Investor Interest: There is significant investment interest in solar energy, leading to the development of various large-scale projects.
4. High Desert Temperatures: The expansion of desert regions and high temperatures are conducive to solar energy production.

Solar Energy Capacity: According to assessments by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Rajasthan has the capacity to generate 142 GW of solar power.

Steps Taken for Solar Energy Development:

1. Solar Park Construction Scheme:
   • Areas like Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaisalmer, and Bikaner have been identified as key regions for the development of solar parks.
   • Jodhpur is proposed to host Asia’s largest solar park, underlining the state’s ambitious plans to become a leader in solar energy.
   • The Clinton Foundation is assisting in the development of solar parks in Rajasthan, following agreements made in 2010.

 

Rajasthan’s energy landscape is evolving, with ongoing investments in gas power, nuclear energy, and solar power. The state’s proposed gas power projects in Bundi, Kota, and Baran, along with its existing and upcoming liquid fuel and naphtha-based projects like the Dholpur Power Plant, play a pivotal role in the energy mix.

Rajasthan’s shift towards non-conventional energy resources, particularly nuclear and solar energy, will allow the state to meet growing power demands while reducing reliance on conventional fossil fuels. The planned expansion of nuclear facilities and the development of the largest solar park in Jodhpur further solidify the state’s status as a future leader in renewable energy.

Major Solar Parks in Rajasthan

Rajasthan is leading the way in solar energy generation, hosting several significant solar parks across the state. These solar parks are contributing to the state’s renewable energy output and helping meet national energy goals.

Key Solar Parks in Rajasthan

1. Bhadla Solar Park (Jodhpur)
   • Rajasthan’s largest solar park, Bhadla is run by the state government.
   • Total commissioned capacity of 2245 MW, achieved in four phases:
     • Phase I: 65 MW
     • Phase II: 680 MW
     • Phase III: 1000 MW
     • Phase IV: 500 MW
2. Nadiyan Kalan Solar Park (Jodhpur)
   • Operated by Azure Power, a private company that manages significant solar power assets in Rajasthan.
3. Dhudsar Solar Park (Jaisalmer)
   • Managed by Azure Power, this park contributes to the overall solar capacity of Rajasthan.
4. Phalodi-Pokaran Solar Park (Jaisalmer)
   • This solar park is operated by Reliance Power, one of India’s largest private sector enterprises in renewable energy.
5. Fathgarh Solar Park (Jaisalmer)
   • A key contributor to Jaisalmer’s renewable energy sector.
6. Nokh Solar Park (Jaisalmer)
   • Another important solar project located in Jaisalmer.

 

Upcoming Major Solar Projects

1. Reliance Solar Project
   • Budget: ₹10,000 crore
   • This private sector initiative aims to increase Rajasthan’s solar power production, with a significant investment from Reliance Industries.
2. Tata Solar Project
   • Budget: ₹20,000 crore
   • Another large-scale solar project proposed in Rajasthan, supported by Tata Power, one of India’s leading energy companies.
3. Adani Solar Project
   • Budget: ₹40,000 crore
   • Adani Group is heavily investing in Rajasthan’s solar energy sector. The company’s ambitious project will play a vital role in reaching India’s renewable energy targets.

 

Solar Power Development Schemes

Rajasthan is implementing various schemes and programs to accelerate the growth of solar energy infrastructure in the state.

1. Solar Rooftop Power Jangaran Scheme

• Launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) on 20th August 2019, this program focuses on promoting rooftop solar installations across the state.
• The scheme is implemented through DISCOMs (Distribution Companies).
• Subsidies are provided to encourage rooftop solar installation:
  • 40% subsidy for the first 3 kW
  • 20% subsidy beyond 3 kW, up to a total capacity of 10 kW.

2. Solar City Construction

• Jaipur, Ajmer, and Jodhpur have been identified as potential solar cities, meaning they will focus on maximizing solar power generation.
• These cities will serve as models for integrating solar energy into urban planning and infrastructure.

3. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), launched in January 2010, aims to transform India into a global leader in solar energy production. Rajasthan is one of the key contributors to achieving the mission’s goals.

• Goal: To achieve 100,000 MW of solar power generation by 2022.
• The mission is being implemented in three phases:
  • First Phase (2010–2013)
  • Second Phase (2013–2017)
  • Third Phase (2017–2022)

 

Resurgent Rajasthan Summit

The Resurgent Rajasthan Summit, organized between 19th–20th November 2015, played a crucial role in boosting investments in Rajasthan’s renewable energy sector. The summit facilitated collaborations between government agencies and private enterprises, resulting in several agreements aimed at solar energy development.

The Resurgent Rajasthan Summit, held in Jaipur (Sitapura), played a significant role in attracting large-scale investments to the solar energy sector. During this summit:

• 9 companies signed agreements to invest a total of ₹1,90,000 crore in Rajasthan’s renewable energy projects.

 

• Major investors include:
  • Adani Group
  • Reliance Power
  • Tata Power
  • M/s Azure
  • Sun Edison

These investments demonstrate Rajasthan’s prominence in the renewable energy market, particularly in the solar energy sector.

SEEZ (Solar Energy Enterprising Zone)

The Solar Energy Enterprising Zone (SEEZ) is an area identified for its favorable conditions for solar energy generation. These regions have the optimal combination of sunlight, land availability, and infrastructure for large-scale solar projects.

• SEEZ Areas in Rajasthan:
  • Jodhpur
  • Jaisalmer
  • Barmer

These zones are central to Rajasthan’s strategy for scaling up solar power production.

Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy

Rajasthan has developed comprehensive solar energy policies over the years to create a conducive framework for solar power development.

• The first solar energy policy was released in 2011, followed by a second in 2014. The latest policy, known as the Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy 2019, was launched on 18th December 2019.

Vision and Objectives of the 2019 Policy:

• To create a framework for attracting investment in the solar sector.
• To ensure national-level energy security.
• To address challenges related to climate change by promoting renewable energy.

Targets of the 2019 Policy:

• 25,000 MW of solar power generation.

 

Target for Solar Power Projects (2024-2025)

The Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy 2019 sets ambitious targets to achieve 30,000 MW of solar power projects by 2024-25. These targets include:

• Utility/Grid Scale Solar Parks: 24,000 MW
• Distributed Generation: 4,000 MW
• Solar Rooftop Projects: 1,000 MW
• Solar Pumps: 1,000 MW

Key Goals:

• Provide a structured framework to encourage investment in solar energy projects.
• Promote national energy security through renewable energy.
• Address the urgent challenges of climate change by reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Promotional Strategies:

• Promotion of decentralized grid-connected solar power projects at load centers.
• Support for rooftop solar projects through Net Metering and Gross Metering mechanisms.
• Encouragement of off-grid solar applications like solar water pumps and home lighting systems.
• Focus on developing solar energy projects with storage systems to improve reliability.
• Promotion of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations powered by renewable energy.
• Expansion of solar parks across Rajasthan.
• Strengthening of the transmission and distribution network for renewable energy.
• Support for manufacturing industries focused on solar energy equipment and storage systems.
• Development of innovative solutions such as floating solar power projects on canals, reservoirs, and similar water bodies.

 

Rajasthan’s Solar Energy Policy (2014)

The Solar Energy Policy of 2014 laid the foundation for the development of solar parks across Rajasthan and introduced several provisions to attract investment and streamline processes for solar power generation. The policy aimed to foster growth in both the public and private sectors, with a particular focus on public-private partnerships.

Key Provisions of the 2014 Solar Energy Policy:

1. Establishment of Solar Parks: The policy promotes the creation of solar parks by the state sector, private sector, and public-private partnerships.
2. Fast-Track Project Approval: To expedite the approval process for mega solar power projects, applications are sent directly to a state-level empowered committee headed by the Chief Secretary.
3. Private Land Use: The policy allows private developers to establish solar parks on privately owned land, promoting greater flexibility and investment.
4. Security Deposit for Solar Projects: The security deposit for solar projects is set between ₹25 lakh and ₹10 lakh per MW, ensuring adequate security for investments while making it accessible for developers.
5. Budget Provision: In order to encourage solar projects, a provision of ₹100 crore was allocated in the 2014–15 budget to support solar power development.

 

Renewable Energy Targets

Rajasthan’s renewable energy targets, established under the 2014 Solar Policy, focus on achieving an optimal energy mix that combines conventional and renewable energy resources. The key targets include:

• Solar Energy: 10,000 MW
• Wind Energy: 60 GW
• Biomass Energy: 10 MW
• Hydro Energy: 5 GW

The long-term goal of Rajasthan’s energy policy is to secure energy supply for the state while ensuring the sustainable and efficient management of resources.

Vision and Objectives of the Solar Energy Policy

The primary objectives of Rajasthan’s Solar Energy Policy include:

• Becoming a major contributor to India’s 100 GW solar energy target, in line with global commitments.
• Developing a stakeholder-driven solar power sector in the state.
• Facilitating infrastructure development in generation, transmission, distribution, and storage, to make solar energy more cost-effective and reliable.

The policy also seeks to promote innovation and investment, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), to harness solar energy efficiently.

Nodal Agency Responsibilities

The nodal agency under the solar policy has several key responsibilities to streamline the process for solar projects:

1. Project Registration: Ensuring solar projects are registered with the government.
2. Project Approval: Overseeing the approval process for solar projects, ensuring they meet state requirements.
3. Development of Solar Parks: Facilitating the creation of solar parks by both public and private developers.
4. Government Land Allotment: Assisting in the allocation of government land for solar park development, ensuring suitable sites are made available for investors.

 

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN RAJASTHAN

Wind energy is another critical component of Rajasthan’s renewable energy strategy. According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Rajasthan has a wind power generation capacity of approximately 18,770 MW at an altitude of 100 meters.

• The Indian Institute of Tropical Metallurgy has identified 26 locations across Rajasthan as prime areas for wind power development.
• Rajasthan is currently ranked 5th in wind power generation in India. The leading states in wind power generation are:
  1. Tamil Nadu
  2. Gujarat
  3. Maharashtra
  4. Karnataka

Note: Jaisalmer has been identified as the region with the highest potential for wind energy development in Rajasthan.

Main Wind Energy Power Plants in Rajasthan

Rajasthan is an important player in India’s wind energy sector, with several key wind power plants located in Jaisalmer and Sikar districts. These power plants are crucial in contributing to the state’s renewable energy output.

Key Wind Power Plants in Rajasthan:

1. Amar Sagar – Jaisalmer
2. Sodha Bandhan – Jaisalmer
3. Pohra – Jaisalmer
4. Aakal – Jaisalmer
5. Hansua – Jaisalmer
6. Devgarh – Jaisalmer
7. Phalaudi – Jaisalmer
8. Harsh Parvat – Sikar

 

M/S Kalani Industries established Rajasthan’s first private sector wind energy project in Bada Bagh (Jaisalmer). Rajasthan’s largest wind park is located in Jaisalmer, contributing significantly to the state’s wind energy capacity. Rajasthan Railways also established its first wind power plant in Kodiyasar. Suzlon Energy is the largest contributor to wind energy in Rajasthan, having played a pivotal role in setting up various wind farms.

 

Rajasthan Wind and Hybrid Energy Policy (2019)

The Rajasthan Wind and Hybrid Energy Policy was introduced in December 2019 to promote the development of wind power and hybrid energy projects (a combination of wind and solar energy). This policy aims to leverage the state’s renewable energy potential while ensuring the integration of these energy sources into the grid.

Key Features of the 2019 Wind Energy Policy:

• Effective Date: The policy came into effect on 18th December 2019 and will remain active until superseded by a new policy.

Targets for 2024-25:

The policy sets ambitious targets for the financial year 2024-25, aiming to achieve 3,500 MW of wind and hybrid energy projects. The specific targets include:

1. Hybridization of Existing Wind/Solar Plants: 200 MW
2. New Wind-Solar Hybrid Projects: 2,000 MW
3. Wind-Solar Hybrid Projects with Storage Systems: 500 MW
4. Hybridization of Existing Conventional Plants: 800 MW

 

Vision and Objectives of the 2019 Wind Energy Policy:

The primary objectives of Rajasthan’s wind energy policy include:

1. Promotion of Wind Power Projects: Encouraging investment in new wind energy projects, while also promoting hybrid systems that combine wind and solar power.
2. Repowering of Wind Projects: Upgrading old wind farms with newer, more efficient technology to boost their output.
3. Strengthening of Transmission and Distribution Networks: Ensuring that the state’s electricity infrastructure is capable of handling the integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power.
4. Wind Resource Assessment Programme: Promoting research and development to assess and explore wind energy potential across Rajasthan.
5. Manufacturing of Wind Energy Equipment: Encouraging local industries to invest in the manufacturing of wind turbines and related equipment to support the wind energy sector.
6. Hybridization of Wind and Solar Technologies: Creating projects that combine wind and solar energy to optimize land use and ensure a more stable and consistent energy supply.

Nodal Agency Responsibilities

• Registration of Projects: The nodal agency is responsible for registering all renewable energy projects within the state. This involves cataloging new solar or other renewable energy projects and ensuring they are officially recorded before implementation.
• Approval of Projects: After the registration of a project, the nodal agency reviews the project proposal, including its feasibility, environmental impact, and alignment with state energy goals. Once these criteria are met, the project is approved for development.
• Development of Solar Parks: The agency plays a crucial role in facilitating the establishment of solar parks across the state. Solar parks are designated areas specifically designed for large-scale solar power generation, providing infrastructure, resources, and support to developers.
• Facilitating the Allotment of Government Land: Many renewable energy projects, particularly solar parks, require vast tracts of land. The nodal agency helps in the allocation of government land for these projects, ensuring that developers can access the necessary land to set up solar panels and related infrastructure.

 

BIOMASS ENERGY IN RAJASTHAN

Biomass energy is one of the key renewable energy sources in Rajasthan. Biomass refers to organic materials derived from plants and animals that can be used for energy production. Biogas is produced by breaking down organic matter such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, and sewage. The primary source of biogas in Rajasthan is cow dung, and the maximum potential for biogas energy lies in the Udaipur district.

Rajasthan primarily sources biomass from:

• Mustard oil
• Julie flora
• Rice bran

Major Biomass Power Plants in Rajasthan:

1. Padampur – Shri Ganganagar
2. Khatoli – Uniara, Tonk
3. Rangpur – Kota
4. Chanderiya – Chittorgarh
5. Sangaria – Hanumangarh
6. Kachela – Bansari – Sanchore, Jalore
   

 

Shri Ganganagar District holds the highest potential for biomass energy production in Rajasthan.

 

Chemical Composition of Biogas:

• Methane (CH₄): 65%
• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): 30%
• Hydrogen (H₂): 2%

Biogas energy is an efficient way to convert organic waste into renewable energy, contributing to both energy production and waste management.

Biofuel/Biodiesel Energy

Biodiesel is another important component of Rajasthan’s renewable energy strategy, particularly in the form of biofuel for diesel engines.

• The main source of biodiesel is the Jatropha plant.
• A biodiesel refinery has been established in Kalrawas, Udaipur.
• Additionally, a biodiesel plant has been set up in Jhamar Kotra, Udaipur, to support biodiesel production on a larger scale.

 

ENERGY-RELATED INSTITUTIONS IN RAJASTHAN

Rajasthan has established several institutions to support the development and management of renewable energy sources, ensuring efficient energy generation and distribution.

1. Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation (RREC)

• Objective: To develop and conserve non-corporation energy sources within the state.
• Established: 9th August 2002.
• Origins: Formed by merging two earlier agencies:
  1. REDA (Rajasthan Energy Development Agency), established in 1985.
  2. RSPCL (Rajasthan State Power Corporation Limited), established in 1995.

 

Other Key Energy Institutions:

1. Rajasthan State Power Generation Corporation – Jaipur
2. Rajasthan State Power Transmission Corporation – Jaipur
3. Rajasthan State Power Distribution Corporation – Jaipur
4. Rajasthan State Power Distribution Corporation – Ajmer
5. Rajasthan State Power Distribution Corporation – Jodhpur

These institutions are responsible for the generation, transmission, and distribution of power throughout Rajasthan, ensuring that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and biogas are efficiently integrated into the state’s energy mix.

1. Ujjawal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY)

The Ujjawal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) was launched on 20th November 2015 by the Ministry of Power, Government of India. This scheme aims to provide a long-term, sustainable solution to the financial troubles of state electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs).

Key Features of UDAY:

• Objective: To ensure affordable and accessible 24/7 power for all, while addressing the debts of DISCOMs.
• Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): A triangular MoU was signed between the Government of India, the state government, and each DISCOM on 27th January 2016.
• Debt Management: Under the agreement, the state government would take over 75% of the DISCOM debt over a two-year period:
  • 50% of the debt would be managed in 2015-16.
  • 25% in 2016-17.

2. Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana

The Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana focuses on rural electrification, aiming to strengthen the energy distribution system and provide reliable power to rural areas.

Key Provisions:

1. Separate Three-Phase Feeder: Villages with a population between 3,000 and 4,000 would receive a separate three-phase feeder.
2. Replacement of Faulty Devices: Faulty feeder and metering devices would be replaced to improve service quality.
3. Strengthening Distribution: The energy distribution infrastructure would be enhanced for improved reliability.
4. Rural Electrification: The Rajeev Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana was subsumed under the Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana to streamline rural electrification efforts.

3. Electricity for Everyone Scheme

This scheme was introduced to provide electricity connections to rural households that were not covered under the Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana. Special rural camps were organized on the first and third Sunday of each month from June 19, 2016, onwards, to ensure every household had access to electricity.

4. Chief Minister Rural Household Connection Scheme (Mukhyamantri Gramin Gharalu Connection Yojna)

Launched in October 2016, the Chief Minister Rural Household Connection Scheme was aimed at providing electricity connections to rural households in sparsely populated or remote areas.

Key Features:

• First Phase: Interested villagers were included in the scheme by registering with a ₹100 fee. The focus was on providing connections to areas with no prior access to power.

5. Kusum Scheme (Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan Yojna)

The Kusum Scheme was introduced in 2018-19 to provide solar energy solutions to farmers, particularly through the installation of solar pumps.

Key Features:

• Target: 25-50 MW of solar energy to be generated through solar pumps.
• Budget: ₹34,422 crore.
• Objective:
  1. Provide energy security for farmers.
  2. Excess energy generated through solar pumps can be supplied to the grid.

 

Important Days Related to Energy

1. 20th August: National Renewable Energy Day
2. 14th December: World Energy Conservation Day
3. Earth Hour Day: Celebrated annually in March (date varies), Earth Hour Day was started in Australia to promote awareness of energy conservation. During Earth Hour, individuals are encouraged to switch off non-essential electrical equipment for an hour, from 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM.

 

Saubhagya Yojna (Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojna)

The Saubhagya Yojna was launched on 25th September 2017 with the aim of providing electricity to every household in India, particularly in rural and underprivileged areas.

Key Objectives:

• Universal Electrification: The scheme’s primary objective is to ensure that every household in every village receives an electricity connection.
• Free Electricity Connection: The scheme provides free electricity connections to poor households, making electricity more accessible to economically disadvantaged populations.

Budget: The budget for the scheme was ₹16,320 crore, reflecting the government’s commitment to ensuring universal electrification.

Deliverables: Under the scheme, every connected household was provided with:

• 5 LED Bulbs
• 1 Fan
• 1 Battery (presumably for backup purposes)

This initiative contributes significantly to improving the quality of life in rural areas by providing basic electrical infrastructure to households.

SEEZ (Solar Energy Enterprising Zone)

The Solar Energy Enterprising Zone (SEEZ) refers to areas where the conditions for solar power generation are highly favorable. These zones are critical for developing large-scale solar projects and promoting renewable energy growth in the state.

SEEZ Areas in Rajasthan:

• Jodhpur
• Jaisalmer
• Barmer

These regions are identified based on their geographic and climatic conditions, such as high solar radiation and availability of land, which make them ideal for solar power generation.